Legends to figures
Figure 1. Flowchart of the model dynamics. The initial
population, with individuals of identical compound phenotype, is
subjected to the Selection in the newly-colonized host. Upon
survival, the simulated pathogen population will then undergoReproduction . The daughter compound phenotype will differ from
the parental phenotype according to a pre-defined rate of emergence of
evolutionary novelties (μ ). Descendent populations are subjected
to these cyclic sequences for a pre-determined number of generations
Figure 2. Probability of establishment of the pathogen
population as a function of the propagule phenotype distance
(d0 ). The graphs present the effect of (a )
reproduction rate, (b ) evolutionary novelty rate, and (c )
propagule size (N0 ) on the probability of
establishment for varying resource distances
(d0 ). Except for the specifically tested
parameter in each graph, the remaining simulation parameter values used
are defined in Table 1. The black line in every graph represents the
probability of a single pathogen individual of surviving the first
reproductive event following colonization at eachd0 - Eq (1). The grey line represents the
probability of establishment of the pathogen when all parameters are
maximized (the highest values in Table 1) in the simulations.
Figure 3. Evolution of compound phenotype diversity/frequency
and population size over generations. Left vertical axis indicate the
distance of the pathogen compound phenotype from the optimum value
imposed by the host, (di,n ), whereas the
horizontal axes indicate generation time in simulations. The orange
palette depicts compound phenotype frequency in the given generation,
warmer colors indicate greater phenotype frequency in the population.
The right vertical axis represents the population size, drawn as a blue
line - carrying capacity = 1,000 (Table 1). The vertical lines in the
last two plots correspond to the respective generation time (same
colors) depicted in Figure 3. The respective rates of novelty emergence
for each graphic are the following: (a ) μ = 0.0;
(b ) μ = 10-4; and (c ) μ =
10-2 - the remaining parameter values are those
presented in Table 1.
Figure 4. Maintenance of original phenotypes according to the
rate of evolutionary novelties. Relative frequency of compound phenotype
as a function of the distance of the pathogen compound phenotype from
the optimum value imposed by the host, (di,n )
for two levels of evolutionary novelty rates and propagule size:
(a ) μ =10-4 and (b)
μ =10-2, N0 =1 (c )μ =10-2, N0 =200,b =7.5). Each curve represents specific generation times as
follow: (a ) 45 (yellow line), 120 (dark-orange line), 200 (red
line), 500 (brown line); (b ) and (c ) =10 (yellow line), 13
(light-orange line), 25 (dark-orange line), 35 (red line), 500 (brown
line). The first four temporal elements (colored lines) of each list are
highlighted by the vertical lines in Figure 3b and 3c, respectively.