2.8 Spatial pattern and configuration analysis
To evaluate the differences in the spatial pattern and configuration of habitat, we calculated a suite of fragmentation metrics with FRAGSTATS (McGarigal, Cushman, & Ene, 2012). To conduct the FRAGSTATS analysis, firstly we converted the UNICOR resistant kernel outputs into patches by applying a cutoff value (T. N. Wasserman et al., 2013). For each species, any values above the 10th percentile of the highest dispersal scenario were reclassified as 1, representing habitat patches of high connectivity. Everything else was reclassified as 0. Then, we calculated four class level metrics using FRAGSTATS v4.2.1(McGarigal & Cushman, 2002) including: (1) the percentage of the landscape (PLAND), which quantifies the habitat patches of high connectivity as a percentage of the study area; (2) radius of gyration (GYRATE_AM) or correlation length, which provides a measurement of the extensiveness of habitat patches of high connectivity; (3) largest patch index (LPI), which represents the percentage of the landscape comprised by the largest habitat patch of high connectivity; (4) number of isolated patches (NP). These metrics have been used frequently in past connectivity research (Cushman et al., 2016; Cushman & Landguth, 2012; Elliot, Cushman, Macdonald, & Loveridge, 2014; T. Wasserman et al., 2012).