2.5 Statistical Analysis:
MedCalc® Statistical Software version 19.6.4 (MedCalc Software Ltd,
Ostend, Belgium; https://www.medcalc.org; 2021) was utilized for all
statistical analyses. The random effect model using inverse variance
method and DerSimonian and Laird estimator of Tua2 was used to calculate
the pooled prevalence and associated 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results for outcome analysis were presented as odds ratios (ORs) with
95% CI and pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model. The
I2 statistics were used to assess the heterogeneity of effect size
estimates across included studies (low heterogeneity: I2 ≤ 25%;
moderate: 25–50%; high > 75%). Publication bias was
explored using funnel plots, Egger’s regression test, and
Begg-Mazumdar’s rank correlation test.