Statistical Analysis
Categorical data are presented as numbers and percentages. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine whether the distributions of continuous variables were normal. While normal distributed data are presented as mean and standard deviation, non-normally distributed data are given as median and 25th-75thpercentile. Independent T-test was used to compare two independent normal distributed data, while Mann-Whitney U test was used for non-normally distributed data. The frequencies of categorical variables were compared using Pearson Chi-Square, Continuity Correctionor Fisher’s exact test, when appropriate. The relation of intraoperative and postoperative findings with CCI was evaluated using Spearmen correlation analysis. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. All data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 20.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Ill) software program.