The occurrences
We gathered 2600 occurrence localities, after removing redundant ones (Supplementary Material B). Most occurrences were from the Atlantic Forest (48%), followed by the Amazonia (21%), Cerrado (17%), Caatinga (8%), Pampa (4%), and Pantanal (3%; Fig. 1; Table 2). The Southeastern Region, ~11% of the Brazilian territory, was represented the best with 34% of the records, while the Northern region, 45%< of the Brazilian territory, only provided 25% of the records. Both the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado were the most diverse biomes harboring records for ~81% of the species each, followed by the Amazonia (67%), Pampa (76%), Caatinga (57%), and Pantanal (48%).
For several species, we found records far outside the geographical or ecological limits traditionally reported in the literature. For example, the spectacled owl (Pulsatrix perspicillata ) is frequently split into an Amazonian population and another from the Atlantic Forest, but there are records for all the remnant biomes except the Pampa.