5. Diagnosis and clinical assessment of severity
The American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) developed consensus criteria for clinicians for the diagnosis of AE especially in young children consisting of three sub-categories of essential, important and associated features [92]. Novel biomarkers to distinguish early in life between AE and HIES were recently reported, specifically an upregulation of CXCL10 and TNF-A and a downregulation of EGF for HIES compared to AE patients [93]. To objectively measure skin integrity, electrical impedance measurements can be performed [94]. AE severity (from mild to severe) can be elucidated by validated scores like SCORAD or EASI which are useful for clinical trials [95]. For daily assessment of treatment success, the novel and quick to fill score ASD7 has been proposed, which considers lesions and discomfort as itch and quality of life [96].