Total nasal symptom score
Total nasal symptom scores (TNSS) were recorded at baseline just before the challenge, 15 and 30 min after challenge, and then again 1, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h after challenge (14). TNSS comprised the sum of the score of 4 nasal symptoms (rhinorrhea, nasal obstruction, sneezing, and nasal itching) scored from 0 to 3 (0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate and 3=severe).