Measurement of Coping Modes
The Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ) was developed by Feifel and was applicable to patients with various diseases21. There were three dimensions: facing (8 items), avoiding (7 items) and yielding (5 items). There are 20 items in total, and the 4-level scoring method was used. The total score range was 20-80. The higher the score, the more inclined the individual was to adopt this coping style.