Cytokines, Chemokines, Growth Factors
We analyzed 42 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in patient
serum and compared pre-operative levels to those at six-hours post-op
and on POD4, then correlated them to RBANS scores to determine any
association with neurocognitive decline. There were many cytokines and
growth factors that were significantly elevated or diminished at
six-hours post-operatively when compared to baseline and POD4.
Specifically, there was significant upregulation of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10,
IP-10, Eotaxin, IL-1RA, SCF, HGF, MIP1β, MCP1, VEGF-A and VEGF-D and
downregulation of IL-1β, IL-5, TNF-α, and IL-23 at 6 hours
postoperatively (p≤0.05 for all). With the exception of IL-8, these
changes in expression were not associated with NCD on POD4 (p=0.04),
[Figure 1A]. There was no difference detected in levels of other
inflammatory cytokines when correlated to NCD at any time point
(p>0.3 for all).