Changes in prey behavior
We predict predator spreading if:
A behavior that limits parasite transmission is disrupted or altered
by the presence of predators
The presence of predators increases contact rates or group sizes of
prey
Outstanding questions:
- What predator avoidance behaviors are most prone to increasing
parasite transmission?
- What prey taxa are most susceptible to this type of predator
spreading?
- Is behavior-mediated predator spreading more likely for certain types
of parasites (e.g., ectoparasites)?
- Can the ability to effectively balance predator and parasite risk with
behavior be selected for, or do prey organisms run up against
fundamental constraints?