Changes in prey physiology/immunity
We predict predator spreading if:
Predators cause prey to become energy- or nutrient-limited
Predators increase prey stress, diverting resources from immune
functions
Outstanding questions:
- Do particular predation strategies lead to larger physiology-mediated
predator spreading?
- Are physiology-mediated predator spreading effects of the same scale
as other predator spreading effects?
- Does the strength of physiology-mediated predator spreading vary with
prey immune strategies?