Statistical analysis
GraphPad Prism 9.0 (GraphPad Software, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA) was used
to perform statistics. A student’s t -test was performed to test
the statistical significance between two groups. One-way ANOVA analyzed
more than two groups. Concentration- and time-dependent comparisons were
performed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey testing. All data in graphs
are displayed as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance is displayed
as p ≤ 0.05 (*), p ≤ 0.01 (**), p ≤ 0.001
(***), p ≤ 0.0001 (****).