Statistical analysis
GraphPad Prism 9.0 (GraphPad Software, Inc, San Diego, CA, USA) was used to perform statistics. A student’s t -test was performed to test the statistical significance between two groups. One-way ANOVA analyzed more than two groups. Concentration- and time-dependent comparisons were performed by two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey testing. All data in graphs are displayed as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance is displayed as p  ≤ 0.05 (*), p  ≤ 0.01 (**), p  ≤ 0.001 (***), p ≤ 0.0001 (****).