Figure Legends
Figure 1. Brown bears copulating in the Rusha area of the
Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan (Photo: Masami Yamanaka).
Figure 2. Map of the Shiretoko Peninsula, eastern Hokkaido,
Japan. The dotted yellow line indicates the Shiretoko National Park.
This map was created using QGIS version 3.4.7-Madeira
(QGIS.org, 2022. QGIS Geographic
Information System. QGIS
Association. http://www.qgis.org) and
edited by the author. The topographic features are based on Digital
Topographic Map 1:25000 published by Geospatial Information Authority of
Japan (available
from https://fgd.gsi.go.jp/download/mapGis.php?tab=dem, accessed
18-May-2019). Administrative divisions were created by the National Land
Numerical Information published by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure,
Transport, and Tourism of Japan (available
from https://nlftp.mlit.go.jp/ksj/index.html,
accessed 21-Jul-2021). National park boundaries were created using GIS
data for national parks published by Biodiversity Center, Ministry of
the Environment (available
from http://gis.biodic.go.jp/webgis/sc-026.html?kind=nps,
20-Jul-2021). The vegetation was created using the 1:25,000 GIS-based
vegetation map ”Hokkaido” published by Biodiversity Center of Japan,
Ministry of the Environment, Japan (available
from http://gis.biodic.go.jp/webgis/sc-025.html?kind=vg67,
19-Jul-2021).
Figure 3. Changes in the cumulative number of unique bears
counted as the minimum population in 2019. Bears identified visually or
inferred by pedigree reconstruction were excluded from this analysis.
Three females were counted as adults, not at the timing of first genetic
identification, but when they were proven to be an adult (e.g., at a
time when they were confirmed to be present with offspring).