Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr Georgios Leontidis (The School of Natural and Computing Science, University of Aberdeen) for his valuable support during the selection and implementation of the ML models. The authors are also grateful to NERC (Natural Environment Research Council) for funding this project and supporting MV salary over 10 weeks through their Research Experience Placement (REP) program (DTG reference: NE/S007377/1). The honeybee work that was performed to obtain the sequencing data used in this study was funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant number 638873 to EL). This funding also supported FM during the execution of the field and molecular work.