Figure 2: Cumulative fertility of male D. virilis over
time after a 4h heat-stress. Focal individuals were subjected to a
pre-stress hardening treatment for 1h immediately prior to temperature
stress. The age at heat-stress is represented using an arrow, and the
life-stage of the individual is represented using grey (pupal) and white
(adult) background. a) Individuals were heated during the pupal
stage at either benign (23°C) or stressful (38°C) temperatures.
Individuals were exposed to a 1h hardening treatment at 23°C
(‘non-hardening’) or 36°C (‘hardening’) prior to heat-stress. Focal
males were given a single group of virgin females at the first day
post-eclosion. b) Individuals were heated during the adult
stage at either benign (23°C) or stressful (35°C) temperatures.
Individuals were exposed to a 1h hardening treatment at 23°C
(‘non-hardening’) or 33°C (‘hardening’) prior to heat-stress. Focal
males were given access to 2 groups of virgin females: one from days 1
to 6 post-heat, and another fresh set of virgin females from day 7
post-heat, to account for delayed sterility of males. Error bars
represent 95% confidence intervals.