GABAergic deficiency contributes the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The present study investigates the therapeutic effectiveness of low-concentration sevoflurane, a volatile anesthetic with GABAergic modulating activity, in MK801-induced schizophrenia-like mice and schizophrenia patients. Three weeks after MK801 administration (0.5 mg/kg, twice/day, 5 days), mice were exposed to 1% sevoflurane 1hr/day for 5 days. Behavioral tests, immunohistochemical analysis, western blot assay and electrophysiology assessments were performed 1week post-exposure. Ten schizophrenia patients received 5hr sevoflurane (0.5%-1.2%) for 6 days, and were assessed with PANSS and the BPRS-18 at week 1 and week 2. MK801 induced social deficits, downregulated expression of NMDARs subunits and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95), reduced parvalbumin- and GAD67-positive neurons, altered the amplitude and frequency of mEPSC (miniature excitatory postsynaptic current) and mIPSC (miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current), and increased the excitation/inhibition ratio; all of which were attenuated by sevoflurane. Sevoflurane also significantly ameliorated schizophrenia symptoms in patients at 1st and 2nd week post-inhalation. Our work demonstrated that low-concentration sevoflurane inhalation effectively reversed MK801-induced schizophrenia-like disease in mice and alleviated clinical symptoms of schizophrenia in patients, highlighting sevoflurane as a potential therapy for the management of schizophrenia.