Nasal endoscopy of 102 subjects
Out of the study population, 49 (48%) showed positive findings on nasal endoscopy. The most common presentation observed in 92% of cases was blackish discoloration of turbinate mucosa. Bilateral involvement was seen in 12 patients (24.48%). Other early signs were discolored or pale mucosa. The endoscopy findings and prevalence of involvement of nasal structures are given in Table 1.
Out of the 49 (48%) who had positive nasal endoscopic findings, 47 showed broad aseptate hyphae on KOH mount. Out of 53 (52%) with normal DNE findings, 17 (32%) showed broad aseptate hyphae on the KOH mount. On DNE, we picked up 48% of cases but 16.7% were missed due to no striking findings in DNE. The sensitivity and specificity of DNE as compared to KOH mount were 73.4% and 94.7% respectively. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy were 95.5%, 67.9%, and 81.37% respectively.