2.1 Plant Material
The aerial parts and roots of Codonopsis lanceolata Trautv. (Campanulaceae) used in this study were collected at Daemosan mountain, Seoul, Republic of Korea, in April, 2021. The origin of the plant was identified by D.S.J., one of authors, and voucher specimens (COLA-A-2021 and COLA-R-2021) has been deposited in the Laboratory of Natural Product Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.