Figure 4. Relation between genetic distance
(FST) and geographic distance (IBD), topographic
barriers (IBRTerrain), climatic instability (IBI),
habitat suitability (IBRHabitat) and climatic distance
(IBE) in the six study species. We detected significant IBD/IBR/IBI in
all species but A. costaricensis , and no IBE in any species. Our
results suggest that large geographic distances among localities of
species pollinated by less mobile bee pollinators (blue) result in
larger genetic differentiation than in species pollinated by mixed
assemblages of (volant) vertebrates (red, yellow). Correlations of
genetic distance and current habitat suitability and climatic variables
were (mostly) not significant. Relations are depicted for each species
separately; each dot represents a pairwise population comparison.
Table 1. Results of Mantel’s tests on the impact of IBD,
IBRTerrain, IBRHabitat, IBI and IBE on
normalized population genetic differentiation (FST).Significant isolation by distance and/or resistance in all species butA. costaricensis , no IBE, the highest significant R² for each
species is highlighted in bolt, significant values in italics.