Figure 1. Sampled localities (red dots, grey circles
give population ID and clustering as estimated from admixture
analyses (Fig. 3)) depicted on maps of habitat suitability(IBRHabitat, 0 – unsuitable, 1 – highly suitable). Red
lines represent least-cost distances between study localities, white
areas on maps represent elevations below/above possibly suitable
distribution ranges (for habitat suitability across full distribution,
see Fig. S3). Per-species min/max FST is given, as well
as the pairwise FST for the two adjacent populations.
I-spline plots show the variable most strongly explaining population
genetic differentiation as estimated through GDM (Table 2). Black bars
represent 100 km, black outlines represent coast lines of Costa Rica and
Ecuador. A: Bee-pollinated Ad. adscendens , lowland rainforests,
Costa Rica; B: Bee-pollinated M. maxima, montane cloud forests,
Ecuador; C: Hummingbird-bat-pollinated M. phlomoides , montane
cloud forests, Costa Rica; D: M. sanguinea with
hummingbird-rodent-pollinated southern populations and
hummingbird-bat-pollinated northern population, cloud forest-Páramo
ecotone, Ecuador; note that while rodents (ground-dwelling mammals) are
considered as relativly immobile pollinators, we found high
connectedness among localities, possibly attributable to traplining
hummingbird pollinators; E: hummingbird-bat-pollinated M.
tomentosa , cloud forests, Ecuador; F: passerine-pollinated A.
costaricensis, cloud forests, Costa Rica.