Mating patterns and within-population IBD
Population nucleotide diversity θπ across all sites ranged between 0.0006 and 0.0073 and was variable among species (Fig. 2a, Tables S8, S9). Per species average estimates were lowest for bee-pollinated Ad. adscendens and highest for hummingbird-bat-pollinated M. tomentosa (Table S8). We detected significant differences in θπ both among adjacent and distant localities in all species (Tables S9, S10).
Heterozygosity was most variable in bee-pollinated Ad. adscendens(Fig. 2b) and least variable in vertebrate-pollinated M. tomentosa (Fig. 2b). We detected significant differences in heterozygosity among localities in all species but vertebrate-pollinatedA. costaricensis and M. sanguinea (Table S11, S12). Overall, only few localities differed significantly in heterozygosity (Table S12).
Per individual inbreeding coefficients (F ) were generally low for all species (Fig. S4, Table S13). Eleven individuals of Ad. adscendens showed intermediate to high levels of inbreeding (F0.05 – 0.5), followed by M. sanguinea (one individual) while all other species had lower F values (Table S13).
Within localities, there was inconsistent isolation-by-distance (Table S14). Geographic and genetic distances between individuals correlated significantly in three out of six localities in bee-pollinated Ad. adscendens , in two out of five localities in bee-pollinated M. maxima , and in one locality each of vertebrate-pollinated M. phlomoides , M. tomentosa and A. costaricensis . There was no significant IBD within localities in M. sanguinea .