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\begin{document}

\title{Phylogeography of Myrica nana: the Wumeng Mountains as a natural
geographical isolation boundary on the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau}



\author[1]{Zhao Cai}%
\affil[1]{Guizhou University}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 25, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau (YGP) is characterized by the distinctive
isolated habitat of limestone Karst Islands and features the Wumeng
Mountains (Mts), which divide the YGP into the two Plateaus of Yunnan
and Guizhou. This study aims to assess the effects of past geographic
and environmental isolation and climate fluctuation on the flora
distribution in the YGP. To this effect, we analyzed the
phylogeographical pattern and genetic structure for Myrica nana, a
vulnerable species endemic to the YGP, based on chloroplast and nuclear
ribosomal DNA sequence. The results suggest that the genetic and
haplotype network structures are divided into at least two
groups---cpDNA haplotype H2 (or nrDNA haplotypes h1, h2, and the native
haplotype) mainly distributed to the east of the Wumeng Mts, and cpDNA
haplotype H1 and haplotypes H3--H10 (or nrDNA haplotype h3) distributed
to the west of the Wumeng Mts. A deep genetic split was noted within the
two groups to reach 25 steps, especially for the cpDNA fragment
variation. The east--west divergence reveals the existence of a natural
geographical isolation boundary in the form of the Wumeng Mts, which
divides the YGP into the Yunnan and Guizhou Plateaus. Therefore, there
existed at least two glacial refugia during the Quaternary glacial
period, along with a genetic diversity center, and at least two large
geographic protection units for the vulnerable species of M. nana,
distributed throughout the eastern and western sides of the Wumeng Mts.
This study not only clarifies that the phylogeographical pattern and
genetic structure for M. nana can be attributed to geographic and
environmental isolation and climate fluctuation, but it also proposes an
effective strategy to protect vulnerable species and the important wild
flora of the YGP.%
\end{abstract}%



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