Several targets have been used for DBS in TS, and the question of the optimal target is still debated. Dai and colleagues report the outcomes of dorsal (sensorimotor) STN DBS in 10 patients with GTS and showed an overall reduction of 62.9% of tics at 6 months and 58.8% at 12 months, with an improvement in quality of life measures and OCD \citep{Dai_2022}. Another large retrospective study included 61 patients with refractory TS who were operated in the posteroventral  GPi with an overall improvement of the YGTSS of 58.1% at last follow-up (30 to 130 months) \citep{Cui_2022}. As previously reported in other studies, there was an important heterogeneity in clinical response, as five patients were very much improved and five had no effect of DBS. Another case series of seven patients operated in the posteroventral GPi showed a mild effect on tics and OCD but a more substantial effect on depressive symptoms \citep{Liu_2022} . Five patients who were operated in the anteromedial GPi and had an overall improvement of 65% of the YGTSS and 75% reduction of the Y-BOCS. Two patients were free of medication post-operatively.