The topic of stigma and TS was raised by Shiu and colleagues \citep{Shiu2023a}. The authors identified three types of enacted stigmas: traumatic events, confrontations, and subtle mistreatments. While traumatic events were associated with tic severity, subtle mistreatments contributed to impairment of quality of life.
Lund and colleagues investigated the impact of TS on education \citep{Lund2023}. This was a longitudinal study to assess the educational achievements at different timepoints. Overall, children with TS had a lower passing rate at lower secondary school and high school compared to healthy controls. These disparities were more likely driven by the severity of comorbidities than tic severity.