Tar spot of maize in the Americas is caused by a complex of
closely related Phyllachora species which vary in their host and
geographic range
Kirk Broders*1, Gloria
Iriarte-Broders*2, Gary C.
Bergstrom3, Emmanuel Byamukama4,
Martin Chilvers5, Christian Cruz6,
Felipe Dalla-Lana7, Zachary Duray8,
Dean Malvick9, Daren Mueller10,
Pierce Paul11, Diane Plewa8, Richard
Raid12, Alison E. Robertson10,
Catalina Salgado-Salazar13, Damon
Smith14, Darcy Telenko7, Katherine
VanEtten8, Nathan M Kleczewski*8
1 USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center
for Agricultural Utilization Research, Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied
Microbiology Research Unit. 1815 N. University, Peoria, IL. 61604, USA
2 Independent Data Analyst, Dunlap, IL 61525
3 Cornell University, Plant Pathology and
Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science,
Ithaca, NY 14850
4 South Dakota State University, Department of
Agronomy, Horticulture, and Plant Science, Box 2108 University Station,
Brookings, SD, 57007
5 Michigan State University, Department of Plant,
Soil, and Microbial Sciences, 578 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824
6 Purdue University, Department of Botany and Plant
Pathology, 915 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907
7 Pennsylvania State University, Department of Plant
Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Southeast Agricultural
Research & Extension Center, 1446 Auction Road, Manheim, PA 17545
8 University of Illinois, Department of Crop Sciences,
1101 W Peabody Drive, Urbana, IL
9 University of Minnesota, Department of Plant
Pathology, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, MN 55108
10 Iowa State University, Department of Plant
Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, 2213 Pammel Drive,
Ames, IA, 50010
11 The Ohio State University, Department of Plant
Pathology 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691
12 University of Florida, Department of Plant
Pathology, 2550 Hull Road, Gainesville, FL, 32611
13 USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Mycology and
Nematology, Genetic Diversity, and Biology Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore
Avenue, Beltsville MD, 20705
14 University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of
Plant Pathology, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706
*These authors contributed equally to this manuscript
Corresponding author kirk.broders@usda.gov
Keywords: Phyllachorales, biotrophs, pathogen diversity, tar spot,
phylogeny, sympatric speciation