Figure 3. Total antioxidants (A), phenolics (B, C) and flavonoids (D) in
leaves of Fraxinus pennsylvanica juveniles in central New Jersey,
USA forests. Plants grew in fenced or unfenced plots (A, C, D) and with
four levels of Microstegium vimineum cover (B). Graphs show
least-squares means + 95% CL, backtransformed from
log10 for antioxidants and phenolics and from square
roots for flavonoids. N for each mean, from right to left: A) 77, 75; B)
84, 35, 24, 9; C and D) 79, 77. Means labeled with different letters in
B were different only at the P=0.09 level, based on adjustment for six
multiple comparisons with the Tukey-Kramer method.