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Table 1. Deer pressure-related forest characteristics. All variables except hunting were measured in 32-40 16 m2plots per forest. Values for shrub cover and species richness are the mean and SE. All data were from 2012, except percent browse was for species that were browsed in 2015 (with total sampled plants in parentheses). The canopy importance values for red + black oak are shown in parentheses, followed by the ranking of their importance value (IV) in that forest.