Figure 3. Total antioxidants (A), phenolics (B, C) and flavonoids (D) in leaves of Fraxinus pennsylvanica juveniles in central New Jersey, USA forests. Plants grew in fenced or unfenced plots (A, C, D) and with four levels of Microstegium vimineum cover (B). Graphs show least-squares means + 95% CL, backtransformed from log10 for antioxidants and phenolics and from square roots for flavonoids. N for each mean, from right to left: A) 77, 75; B) 84, 35, 24, 9; C and D) 79, 77. Means labeled with different letters in B were different only at the P=0.09 level, based on adjustment for six multiple comparisons with the Tukey-Kramer method.