· Perventricular device closure of peri-membranous ventricular
septal defects is safe and effective when compared to conventional
surgery and transcatheter device closure.
· Intraprocedural transesophageal echocardiography can effectively
guide perventricular device closure of peri-membranous ventricular
septal defects and improve safety and success rate.
· Hybrid approach improves the outcomes in select patients with
congenital heart diseases and complex anatomical defects.