Study population
In the FMF study there were 168,966 singleton pregnancies with a live fetus at 11+0 to 13+6 weeks without major abnormalities that delivered at ≥24 weeks of gestation. In addition, there were 5,406 (3.1% of the total) that were lost to follow up. The characteristics of the study population are summarized in Table 1. The pregnancies included 4,272 that developed PE, 4,344 that developed GH and 160,350 that did not develop either PE or GH. In the women of black racial origin, compared to white women, there was a higher median weight, higher incidence of PE and GH, chronic hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and SLE or APS, and higher incidence of PE and SGA in a previous pregnancy, and lower incidence of conception by use assisted reproductive technologies and lower incidence of nulliparity. In the women of South Asian racial origin, compared to white women, there was a higher incidence of preterm PE, chronic hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and SLE or APS, conception byin vitro fertilisation and higher incidence of SGA in a previous pregnancy. In the women of East Asian racial origin, compared to white women, there was a lower median weight, lower incidence of GH, smoking, and incidence of PE in a previous pregnancy and higher incidence of diabetes mellitus type 2 and previous SGA.