Phylogenetic relationships and systematics
Our
phylogenetic results (Fig. 4), based on the combined analysis, are
highly similar to the morphological analysis (Fig. 2, Fig. 3). Based on
the results from our phylogenetic analyses, species in genusDiestramima that are morphologically similar and geographically
area similar tend to be grouped together. Due to the lack of samples
from Southeast Asian countries, we compared our data with the
descriptions of some species of Diestramima by Gorochov et
al . (2015) (Fig. 8) and proposed some species that may be closely
related. There is currently no description of the male D .yunnanensis . We compared the genital plate of female individuals
(Fig. 8. F, by sample No. 2204) collected in Xishuangbanna Tropical
Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences with the description of
this site sample by Gorochov et al . (Fig. 8. A46) and found
morphological consistency. Therefore, we supplemented the abdominal apex
of male D . yunnanensis (Fig. 8. E, by sample No. 2201)
based on the results of collection region and phylogenetic tree.D . yunnansis is highly similar to D . propria(F. 8. A31, located in Laos), except that the male has a shorter abdomen
apex and paraproct. Laos borders Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous prefecture
of Yunnan province in China. Similarly, Myanmar borders Baoshan city of
Yunnan province in China. The abdomen apex of male D .conica (Fig. 8. B) is highly similar to D . minor(F. 8. A36, located in Myanmar), but has completely different shape of
paraproct.
In Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 8, species in Vietnam and the area bordering
China can be divided into three groups based on the shape of the male
abdominal apex, which basically conclude the morphological
characteristics of all species in the genus Diestramima . Most
males have similar short and simple abdomen apex, but their paraproct
are completely different in shape and length (D .bispinosa , D . cycla , D . hainanensis ,D . hamata , D . palpata , D . sp. 1 andD . subtilis ). The second group of males always has a wide
and flat abdomen apex, and some of their paraproct tend to be short and
blunt round, some tend to be long and pointed (D . eurya ,D . lamina and D . vietnamensis ). The male
abdomen apex of the last group is significantly longer than the first
two groups, and most of them are curved downwards (D .major and D . sp. 2). This male species with a more slender
abdomen apex (D . acutiapicis , D .austrosinensis , D . brevis , D .intermedia ) is widely distributed in the Oriental realm of inland
China.Gorochov et al .(2019) divided three subgenera of the genusDiestramima according to the male paraproct and the female
genital plate. Paraproct of the subgenus Baculitettix are
stick-like (rather long and thin) but with slightly or moderately higher
proximal part. In the subgenus Diestramima andExcisotettix , paraproct rather short and usually high
(plate-like), with distal part truncate, angular or having hooks and/or
teeth (spinules); or paraproct moderately short, almost S-shaped in
profile, with proximal and distal parts more or less equal to each other
in height, and with angular or almost spinose apex. The difference is
that the female genital plate of the subgenus Excisotettix with
rather large posteromedian notch and angular projections around this
notch. But in our current phylogenetic tree, we have not found a
reasonable explanation for distinguishing these subgenera. In all our
samples, we found small differences in the length and curvature of the
male abdomen apex even within the same species. But the length of the
paraproct, especially the shape always remains the same. Combining with
the strong similarities between the male abdomen apex of many species
mentioned earlier, perhaps the specialization of paraproct occupies a
more dominant position in the morphological taxonomic research of the
genus Diestramima .