Taxon sampling
A total of 87 individuals from 19 species were collected by hand or
sweep net at night. Adults were preserved in 70% ethanol in the field.
The morphological identifications prior to DNA extraction were made
depanding on the male apex of abdomen and paraproct (Gorochov et
al ., 2015). Samples of genus Diestramima were collected from
twelve provinces in China Oriental realm, including Anhui, Chongqing,
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan,
Yunnan and Zhejiang (Fig. 1). All widespread species in China and a
cross-border species distributed in China and Vietnam have been
collected. Moreover, we examined a large of additional specimens and
relevant literature (Storozhenko, 1990; Gorochov, 1994, 2010; Liu &
Zhang, 2001; Gorochov & Storozhenko, 2015; Qin et al ., 2016; Zhu
& Shi, 2018; Wang et al ., 2019) of Rhaphidophoroidea for better
understanding the morphological variations of species, to aid in
accurate species determination. Thus, the present sampling is the almost
comprehensive one for the phylogenetic analysis in terms of both
taxonomy and distribution. All diagnostic characters were photographed
by OLYMPUS DP27, and arranged using Adobe Photoshop CC (Fig. 2, Fig. 3).