Divergence time estimation
The phylogenetic of Diestramima using BEAST v.1.8.4 (Drummond & Rambaut, 2007) to reconstruct by selecting the Birth-Death tree prior and the Piecewise linear and constant root of population size model. Given the absence of reliable fossil records for Diestramima , we relied on secondary calibrations based on the available worldwide dated framework of Rhaphidophoroidea (Allegrucci & Sbordoni, 2019), we used representatives of four lineages (subfamily Dolichopodainae and Troglophilinae; genus Diestrammena and Rhaphidophora ) that were sampled in this study, including 49 cave cricket species. In their conclusion, the ancestor of the Aemodogryllinae and Rhaphidophorinae spread from Australia to south-eastern Asia at 117Ma (95% HPD: 105–130 Ma), an estimate consistent with plate tectonics as India separated from other parts of Gondwana at 130 Ma, prior to other paleogeographic events (Chatterjee & Bajhai, 2016). Therefore, in our study, it was used as the first divergent calibration time to prove the purity of these Oriental realm species.
The divergence times of major nodes were estimated under uncorrelated relaxed clock by setting four fossil calibrations: (1) due to the plate tectonics as India separated from other parts of Gondwana, the ancestor of the Aemodogryllinae and Rhaphidophorinae spread from Australia to south-eastern Asia at 117 Ma (Allegrucci & Sbordoni, 2019); (2) the opening of Mid-Aegean trench (9–12 Ma) separated theTroglophilus Krauss, 1879 species inhabiting the eastern Aegean islands and Asia Minor from the Cyclades, Crete and mainland Greece (Allegrucci et al ., 2017); (3) the uplift of Anatolian Plateau happened 5–10 Ma due to acceleration of northward movement of the Arabian Plate (Steininger & Rögl, 1984) and separating the Anatolian species of Troglophilus from the Balkans ones; (4) the isolation of Crete island, inhabited byDolichopoda paraskevi Boudou-Saltet, 1973 (Aegean Sea, Greece) from neighboring mainland, happened at the end of Messinian salinity crisis (5.33 Ma, Krijgsman et al ., 1999). Trees were sampled every 10000 generations for a total of 100 million generations. We further checked whether the effective sample size (ESS) was greater than 200 for most important parameters using Tracer v.1.7.1. The consensus tree was exported using TreeAnnotator v.1.8.4 (Drummondet al ., 2012), discarding the first 25% of trees as burn-in. The mean node heights and 95% highest probability density (95% HPD) were displayed in FigTree v1.4.4.