Divergence time estimation
The divergence time tree is divided into two branches: Aemodogryllinae
and Rhaphidophorinae from Asia, Dolichopodainae and Troglophilinae from
Europe. We analyze the Asian taxa separately (Fig. 5). The BEAST
analysis indicated that the subfamily Aemodogryllinae and
Rhaphidophorinae have been diverged since Cretaceous. The speciation
events in genus Diestramima occurred from late Miocene to the
early Pliocene, and most species was completed in or before early
Quaternary. Following the speciation of four Yunnan and Guangxi lineages
(D . conica , D . major , D .subtilis and D . yunnanensis ) diverged at 8.32 Ma
(95% HDP: 4.84–12.88 Ma), two clades split at 3.66 to 8.96 Ma. Both
clades include species from Yunnan and Guangxi (border lineages) as well
as those from inland China (inland lineages), and they further diverged
at 5.84 Ma (95% HDP: 3.66–8.96 Ma) and 5.85 Ma (95% HDP: 3.67–9.10
Ma) respectively. In one clade, D . sp. 2, a new species we
discovered on the China-Vietnam border, was diverged at 4.02 Ma (95%
HDP: 2.42–6.31 Ma). At this point the border and inland lineages began
to diverge. The widely distributed species D . intermediawas diverged at 1.02 Ma (95% HDP: 0.44–1.86 Ma). In the other clade,
border and inland lineages was diverged with D . sp. 1 andD . lamina at 3.52 Ma (95% HDP: 2.18–5.29 Ma). Two widely
distributed species, D . austrosinensis and D .beybienkoi , was diverged at 2.04 Ma (95% HDP: 1.08–3.24 Ma) and
2.54 Ma (95% HDP: 1.49–3.84 Ma) respectively.