Phylogenetic trees (Fig. 4) constructed either by BI or ML analyses had
the same topology. Between species, Posterior probability (PP) of all
nodes is 1 and bootstrap support values (UFB) are all above 98 exceptD . (D ). eurya is 94. Based on different
tree-constructing methods as well as single or combined dataset, the
monophyly of the species in Diestramima was well-supported. The
membership of each of these major clades were not strongly correlated
with the distribution of their subgenera (Baculitettix ,Diestramima and Excisotettix , Gorochov et al .,
2019). The species within each clade live in roughly the same area,
especially in the southwestern border region of China. D .conica , D . yunnanensis . D. sp. 2, D .major , D . subtilis , D . cycla andD . triangulata are in a clade, although they contain two
subgenera. In the southwestern border region of China, even within the
same species, samples from different regions showed great variability.
We collected D . conica samples from Taiyanghe Reserve,
Gaoligongshan and Laifengshan, and the samples from these three regions
in Yunnan showed a high divergence. Similarly, D . subtilissamples from three regions (Xiaojie town, Gulinjing town and Ailaoshan)
in Yunnan also produced this high divergence. However, widely
distributed species in inland areas of China always tend together. We
collected D. beybienkoi samples from seven regions (Jinyunshan,
Emeishan, Zhangjiajie, Dujiangyan, Leigongshan, Simianshan and
Yangmeiao) in five provinces (Sichuan, Chongqing, Hunan, Guizhou and
Guangxi) of China, but they only divergence two clades. This divergence
phenomenon is more prominent in D . intermedia andD . austrosinensis . Although the samples we collected
spanned several provinces and regions in China, there were basically no
divergence within their
species.
Fig. 4. Phylogenetic relationships of the genusDiestramima . Maximum likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree based on
the concatenated 12S, 16S, COI , ACSL, CPL and WDL matrix
sequences. Topology supports of all major nodes are indicated above
branches in this order: the posterior probability and the bootstrap
resampling. Vertical lines of different colors represent different
subgenera: Diestramima in dark blue; Baculitettix in dark
green; Excisotettix in dark red. The color bar represents the six
major biogeographical areas, letter abbreviations represent collection
areas: Taiyanghe Reserve (TYH), Gligongshan (GLGS), Laifengshan (LFS),
Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden (XTBG), Gulinjing (GLJ),
Daqingshan (DQS), Xiaojie (XJ), Ailaoshan (ALS), Daweishan (DWS),
Fenshuiling (FSL), Leigongshan (LGS), Dujiangyan (DJY), Jiugongshan
(JGS), Fanjingshan (FJS), Zhangjiajie (ZJJ), Maoershan (MES), Emeishan
(EMS), Wuyishan (WYS), Wangdongyang (WDY), Yangmeiao (YMA), Lianhuashan
(LHS), Jinyunshan (JYS), Simianshan (SMS), Dapanshan (DPS), Ganjiangyuan
(GJY), Fushoushan (FSS), Huangshan (HS), Tiantongshan (TTS), Gutianshan
(GTS), Baishanzu (BSZ), Nanling (NL), Nonggang (NG), Pingmeng (PM),
Hekou town (HKT).