5 CONCLUSIONS
The study revealed low practices towards AMU on beef cattle among surveyed farmers. The Traffic Light model has shown risk status of the various production systems. Multiple factors drive misuse of antimicrobials in farms and could predispose to residues and resistance emergence and dissemination to humans, a One Health challenge. To effectively combat menace of AMR and mitigation of these factors, it is imperative to engage in AMR surveillance programmes and research, as well as sensitization of farmers on prudent AMU in beef production. Adequate sanitation, best practices of biosecurity in farms, and application of One Health approach are needed to mitigate antimicrobials misuse and resistance emergence at animal-human-environment interface.