3.5 Drivers for antimicrobial misuse and resistance emergence
Logistic regression models have shown from multivariable analysis a
significant correlation relating to influence of the socio-economic
drivers on antimicrobial misuse and resistance emergence in beef farms
(Table 4). The models indicated that inappropriate AMU was significantly
more likely (OR=2.72; 95% CI:1.93-3.83) to drive misuse of
antimicrobials and emergence of AMR in beef production systems, Also,
non-enforcement of laws regulating AMU was more likely (OR=2.98; 95%
CI:2.11-4.21) to drive misuse of antimicrobials and resistance in the
farms. Weak economic status of the farmers as well as their low
education and expertise were more likely [(OR=2.12; CI:1.49-3.01), and
(OR=1.52; 95% CI:1.09-2.12), respectively] to influence misuse of
antimicrobials and resistance in beef farms. Furthermore, intensive
management system, and poor sanitation and biosecurity at farm sites
were more likely [(OR=10.24; 95% CI:6.75-15.54), and (OR=1.67; 95%
CI:1.18-2.37), respectively] respectively] to drive antimicrobial
misuse and resistance emergence in beef farms (Table 4).