5 CONCLUSIONS
The study revealed low practices towards AMU on beef cattle among
surveyed farmers. The Traffic Light model has shown risk status of the
various production systems. Multiple factors drive misuse of
antimicrobials in farms and could predispose to residues and resistance
emergence and dissemination to humans, a One Health challenge. To
effectively combat menace of AMR and mitigation of these factors, it is
imperative to engage in AMR surveillance programmes and research, as
well as sensitization of farmers on prudent AMU in beef production.
Adequate sanitation, best practices of biosecurity in farms, and
application of One Health approach are needed to mitigate antimicrobials
misuse and resistance emergence at animal-human-environment interface.