3.4 Risk pathways for AMR and residues dissemination from farms
Significant dissemination routes for AMR and residues from beef animals
to humans were: consumption of contaminated meat and meat products
(p=0.007); contacts with contaminated animals, beef, and fomites
(p<0.001); and contaminated manure and urine, contaminated
flies and rodents at farm site, and contaminated aerosols in farm
environment (p=0.003) (Table 3, Figure 2).