Divergence time estimates
The MCMCTREE program of PAML v4.9 package (Yang, 2007) was used to estimate divergence times with the approximate likelihood calculation method based on five fossil calibration points. These included an internal calibration for Dikraneurini (minimum age) based on a fossil from Dominican amber and three additional calibrations providing minimum age estimates for the outgroups Mileewini, Evacanthinae, and Cicadellinae (Table 1). The age of the root node was constrained based on the more comprehensive molecular timetree of Membracoidea provided by Dietrich et al. (2017). The input tree was retrieved from the PMSF topology. Two priors for the rgene gamma and sigma 2 gamma were set to (2, 20, 1) and (1, 10, 1), respectively. We used an independent rates model and alpha of 0.5. The first 104 iterations were discarded as burn-in, and 10,000 samples were sampled every 5 iterations.