Note. The symbols “+” and “–” indicated
the following morphological
characters. Ocelli and forewing appendix: ‘+’, present; ‘–’, absent.
Hind wing anal vein: ‘+’, bifurcated; ‘–’, not forked. Hind wing
submarginal vein: ‘+’ extended beyond CuA vein; ‘–’ not extended beyond
CuA vein. Hind wing CuA vein: ‘+’, bifurcated; ‘–’, not forked; Hing
wing RP and MP vein: ‘+’, connected by crossvein; ‘–’, confluent. The
symbol “+, –” denotes the presence of both character states.
FIGURE 1 Schematic diagram of typhlocybine mitochondrial
genome. a, the usual type of mitogenome in Typhlocybinae; b, the type ofShaddai sp.
FIGURE 2 Phylogenetic relationships of Typhlocybinae
reconstructed with maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI)
from different mitochondrial datasets. A, BI tree
(CAT
+ GTR model), using amino acid sequence of PCGs; B, ML tree (PMSF
model), using amino acid sequence of PCGs; C, ML tree (Partitioning
model), using amino acid sequence of PCGs; D, ML tree (Partitioning
model), using nucleotide sequence of PCGs_12; E, ML tree (Partitioning
model), using nucleotide sequence of PCGs_12 concatenated 2 rRNAs.
FIGURE 3 Phylogenetic tree based on the PhyloBayes analysis of
amino acid matrix with the site-heterogeneous CAT + GTR model. Node
values for all analyses are plotted on or below respective clades as
specified in the legend in the top-left corner, except those with
consistently high support values
(PP≥0.99, SH‒aLRT & UFB≥98).
Branches are colored matching the color chart on the left. For more
information of trees, refer to figures S1-S5. Taxa previously included
in Zyginellini are indicated in bold.
FIGURE 4 Ancestral character states reconstructions analysis
based on ML tree (PCGs12_fna) using maximum-likelihood method. The
images at right illustrate seven morphological characters: a, ocelli
(white ball, present; black ball, absent); b, forewing appendix (white
ball, present; black ball, absent); c, forewing closed anteapical cells
(white ball, present; black ball, absent); d, hind wing anal vein (white
ball, bifurcated; black ball, not forked); e, hind wing with distal
extension of CuA vein beyond submarginal vein (white ball, absent; black
ball, present); f, hind wing CuA vein (white ball, bifurcated; black
ball, not forked); g, hind wing RP and MP vein (white ball, connected by
crossvein; black ball, confluent); h, hind wing submarginal vein
apparently connected directly to CuA vein (white ball, absent; black
ball, present). The gray balls indicate feature unknown. Taxa previously
included in Zyginellini are indicated in bold.
FIGURE 5 Chronogram showing divergence time estimates for major
lineages of Typhlocybinae. Numbered nodes marked in red refer to fossil
calibrations, a, root age, <174.1 MYA; b,
17.5–110
MYA; c, 44 MYA; d,
17.5–90
MYA; e, 17.5–90 MYA. Bars on nodes are the highest posterior density
95% confidence intervals (95% HPD). Scale: 1 = 100
MYA.
FIGURE
6 The ocelli and wings are mapped to the BI tree, separately.
a–f,
ocelli on crown; a1–h2, wings, photographed with transmitted light to
highlight venation. Evacanthinae, a (followed Zhang, 2011),
a1–a2, Convexana albicarinata ; Cicadellidae, b, b1–b2,Cicadella viridis ; Mileewinae, c,
c1–c2,Mileewa albovittata . Typhlocybinae, Alebrini,d, d1–d2, Shaddai sp.; Empoascini, e, e3–e4Ghauriana sinensis ,
e1–e2,Joruma sp. and e5–e6, Heliona sp. (followed, Xu, 2019);Typhlocybini,f1–f2, Aguriahana triangularis , f3–f4, Agnesiella
aldera , f5–f6, Zyginella minuta ; Dikraneurini, g1–g2,Sweta bambusana , g3–g4, Dikraneura orientalis ;Erythroneurini, h1–h2, Tautoneura formosa .
FIGURE 7 a-h,Subtilissimia
fulva Yan & Yang sp. nov.a,
habitus, dorsal view; b, habitus, lateral view; c, male genitalia,
lateral view; d, hind wing; e, subgenital plate, ventral view; f, style
and connective, ventral view; g, aedeagus, lateral view; h, aedeagus,
ventral view. i-p, Subtilissimia pellicula Yan & Yangsp. nov. i, habitus, dorsal view; j, habitus, lateral view; k,
male genitalia, lateral view; l, hind wing; m, subgenital plate, ventral
view; n, style and connective, ventral view; o, aedeagus, lateral view;
p, aedeagus, ventral view.