Patients characteristics
A total of 77 patients enrolled in this study whose median age at first implantation time was 20-year-old (5%-95%, 1 to 74-year-old). Under-18-year-old patients and females comprised 49.35% and 50.65% of the study population, respectively. Furthermore, 36 patients (46.75%) had at least one congenital heart defect, where moderate severity CHDs were the most prevalent (Table 1, see Supplementary Table 1).