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\begin{document}

\title{Blood cytometry, neutrophil-lymphocyte index and platelet-lymphocyte
index in children with high-risk pathologies and COVID-19}



\author[1]{Gerardo Palacios Saucedo}%
\author[1]{Celia Herrera Rivera}%
\author[1]{Adriana  Sandoval González}%
\affil[1]{Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 24, 2024}


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\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{abstract}
ABSTRACT Background: The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants is
increasing pediatric COVID-19 cases. The blood cytometry (BC) values,
neutrophil-lymphocyte index (NLI), and platelet-lymphocyte index (PLI)
reflect inflammatory response intensity. The aim was to evaluate if BC,
NLI, and PLI are predictors of the COVID-19 severity in children with
high-risk pathologies. Methods: A retrospective nested case-control
study of 60 pediatric patients with COVID-19 was carried out to evaluate
the relationship of BC, NLI, and PLI with clinical status at the COVID
area discharge. Patients with a severe or critical condition at
discharge and those who died during hospitalization were classified as
cases. Asymptomatic patients or those with a mild to moderate disease at
discharge were considered controls. We used absolute frequencies,
percentages, medians, ranges, X2 test, Fisher's exact test, and Odds
Ratio with 95\% CI for statistical analysis. Results: We included 32
male and 28 female patients, median age of 6.5 years (range 0-14). All
had high-risk diseases, such as Leukemia (64.4\%), Down syndrome and
Leukemia (8.8\%), or a solid neoplasm (13.3\%). Seventeen (28.3\%) were
cases and 43 (71.7\%) controls. Fourteen (23.3\%) died. No BC value was
associated with illness severity, except for thrombocytosis (OR 6.30,
95\% CI 1.03-38.48, p=0.048). Erythropenia was identified as a
protective factor for illness severity (OR 0.18, 95\% CI 0.03-0.86,
p=0.034). Conclusion: A decrease in different BC values was the most
frequent abnormality. Thrombocytosis was associated with COVID-19
severity. These results may apply to children with high-risk pathologies
such as those in this series.%
\end{abstract}%



\sloppy


\textbf{Blood cytometry, neutrophil-lymphocyte index and
platelet-lymphocyte index in children with high-risk pathologies and
COVID-19}

\textbf{Authors:} Gerardo Del Carmen
Palacios-Saucedo\textsuperscript{1}, Celia Geovana
Herrera-Rivera\textsuperscript{1}, Adriana Carolina
Sandoval-Gonz\selectlanguage{ngerman}ález\textsuperscript{2}.

\textsuperscript{1}Health Research Division
and\textsuperscript{2}Department of Pediatrics, Unidad Médica de Alta
Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades No. 25, Instituto Mexicano del
Seguro Social, Fidel Velázquez y Lincoln S/N, Colonia Nueva Morelos,
Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.

\textbf{Corresponding author:} Dr. Gerardo Del Carmen Palacios Saucedo,
División de Investigación, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital
de Especialidades No. 25, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Fidel
Velázquez y Lincoln S/N, Colonia Nueva Morelos, Monterrey, Nuevo León,
México. 64180. Teléfono: 81 8254 6829. Correo electrónico:
gerardo.palacios@imss.gob.mx,\emph{palsaugc@gmail.com}.

\textbf{Word count of abstract:} 256

\textbf{Word count of text:} 2869

\textbf{Tables:} 2 \textbf{Figures:} 3

\textbf{Short running tittle:} Blood cytometry in pediatric COVID-19

\textbf{Keywords:} COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Blood Cytometry

\textbf{Abbreviations key}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{longtable}[]{@{}ll@{}}
\toprule
\textbf{BC} & Blood cytometry\tabularnewline
\midrule
\endhead
\textbf{NLI} & Neutrophil-lymphocyte index\tabularnewline
\textbf{PLI} & Platelet-lymphocyte index\tabularnewline
\textbf{IFN} & Interferon\tabularnewline
\textbf{NET} & Neutrophils extracellular traps\tabularnewline
\textbf{IL} & Interleukin\tabularnewline
\textbf{PIMS} & Pediatric Inflammatory Multisistemic
Syndrome\tabularnewline
\bottomrule
\end{longtable}

This research was presented at the XXXIX Inter-American Congress of
Pediatric Infectious Diseases held in June 2021 in online mode. The
abstract has not been published so far.

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Manuscrito.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/480007/articles/567604-blood-cytometry-neutrophil-lymphocyte-index-and-platelet-lymphocyte-index-in-children-with-high-risk-pathologies-and-covid-19}

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Table 1.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/480007/articles/567604-blood-cytometry-neutrophil-lymphocyte-index-and-platelet-lymphocyte-index-in-children-with-high-risk-pathologies-and-covid-19}

\textbf{Hosted file}

\verb`Table 2.docx`  available at \url{https://authorea.com/users/480007/articles/567604-blood-cytometry-neutrophil-lymphocyte-index-and-platelet-lymphocyte-index-in-children-with-high-risk-pathologies-and-covid-19}\selectlanguage{english}
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