3. RESULTS
Griffon Vultures exploited very large annual home-range sizes (ca. 5,000 km2), showing average monthly cumulative distances travelled of 1,776 km (Table 1), and a monthly home-range fidelity of 67.77 ± 25.05%. Monthly home-ranges differed between sexes, seasons and breeding regions (Tables 2 and 3; Fig 2). Males showed a smaller monthly home-range size than females (Table 3). Birds also showed larger home-ranges during spring and summer compared to autumn and winter (Table S2; Fig 2). Individuals from southern breeding regions (Cazorla, Cadiz), and central Pyrenees showed, on average, larger home-ranges than those of central (Segovia) and northern breeding regions (Alto Ebro) (Table S2 and Fig 2).
Monthly cumulative distance travelled were similar for both females and males (Table 2 and 3; Fig 3). However, birds travelled longer distances during spring and summer than during autumn and winter (Table S2). Individuals from Alto Ebro, Segovia and Pyrenees travelled larger monthly distances than those of Cazorla and Cadiz (Table S2; Fig 3).
The monthly home-range fidelity was slightly higher for males than females, and during spring and summer, being the lowest in autumn and winter. Likewise, there were differences in fidelity between breeding regions. Individuals from Central Spain (Segovia) showed higher fidelity over time than those from the north (Alto Ebro, Pyrenees) and southern Spain (Cádiz, Cazorla) (Table 2, 3 and S2; Fig 4).