ABSTRACT
Introduction: Monoclonal gammopathies are a group of disorders
associated with monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells that produces a
monoclonal protein. To describe the epidemiological and immunochemical
characteristics of monoclonal gammopathies diagnosed during a
nineteen-year period in a Moroccan teaching hospital was the main
objective of this study.
Methods : This study was performed from January 2000 to August
2019. It was a retrospective study that included of 545 Moroccan
patients with monoclonal gammopathy.
Results: The patients who participated in the study, 374
(68.6%) were male and 171(31.4%) were female, with a mean ±SD age of
62.24±13.14 years. The most frequent reasons for admission were bone
pain (41,60%), renal failure (19.08%), alteration of the general
condition (12.21%) and anemia (10.69). Plasma cell proliferative
disorders in our study were as follow, multiple myeloma (MM) (45.65%),
Monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS) (39.05%),
Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia(5.58%), Lymphoma (2.27%+1.2%),
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2.48%), Plasma cell leukemia (1.86%),
Plasmacytoma (0.62%), POEMS syndrome (0.41%), and Amyloidosis
(0.84%). The most frequent isotypes in MM were the IgGκ (62) 36.5%,
IgGλ(52)30.6%, IgAκ(27)15.9% and the IgAλ (19)11.2%. It is also
worthy of note, that Free light chain MM represents 20% of all cases of
MM.
Conclusions: This is the largest Moroccan cohort, it included
545 patients. The results of this study point to the need for an early
diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathies in the Moroccan population