Patient selection
The study was carried out over a period of 19 years, between January 2000 and August 2019. A retrospective study that included of 545 Moroccan patients with monoclonal gammopathy detected through a serum electrophoresis, urine and serum immunofixations. Urine immunofixation is important in defining the nature of the band and in distinguishing between Bence Jones protein and an intact monoclonal protein originating from the serum. The patients who had monoclonal protein were included. But, only 484 patients were selected, they have had complete medical records at the clinical departments.