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\begin{document}

\title{Global trends in air-water CO2 exchange over seagrass meadows revealed
by atmospheric Eddy Covariance}



\author[1]{Bryce R Van Dam}%
\author[2]{Pierre Polsenaere}%
\author[3]{Aylin Barreras-Apodaca}%
\author[4]{Christian Lopes}%
\author[5]{Zulia Mayari Sanchez-Mejia}%
\author[6]{Tatsuki Tokoro}%
\author[6]{Tomohiro Kuwae}%
\author[7]{Lucia Gutiérrez Loza}%
\author[7]{Anna Rutgersson}%
\affil[1]{Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht}%
\affil[2]{IFREMER, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais (LER/PC),}%
\affil[3]{Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora}%
\affil[4]{Florida International University}%
\affil[5]{Instituto Tecnologico de Sonora}%
\affil[6]{Port and Airport Research Institute}%
\affil[7]{Uppsala University}%


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  \date{June 08, 2024}


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\begin{abstract}
Coastal vegetated habitats like seagrass meadows can mitigate
anthropogenic carbon emissions by sequestering CO\textsubscript{2} as
``blue carbon'' (BC). Already, some coastal ecosystems are actively
managed to enhance BC storage, with associated BC stocks included in
national greenhouse gas inventories or traded on international markets.
However, the extent to which BC burial fluxes are enhanced or
counteracted by other carbon fluxes, especially air-water
CO\textsubscript{2} flux (FCO\textsubscript{2}) remains poorly
understood. To this end, we synthesized all available direct
FCO\textsubscript{2} measurements over seagrass meadows made using a
common method (atmospheric Eddy Covariance), across a
globally-representative range of ecotypes. Of the four sites with
seasonal data coverage, two were net CO\textsubscript{2} sources, with
average FCO\textsubscript{2} equivalent to 44 - 115\% of the global
average BC burial rate. At the remaining sites, net CO\textsubscript{2}
uptake was 101 - 888\% of average BC burial. A wavelet coherence
analysis demonstrates that FCO\textsubscript{2} was most strongly
related to physical factors like temperature, wind, and tides. In
particular, tidal forcing appears to shape global-scale patterns in
FCO\textsubscript{2}, likely due to a complex suite of drivers
including: lateral carbon exchange, bottom-driven turbulence, and
pore-water pumping. Lastly, sea-surface drag coefficients were always
greater than prediction for the open ocean, supporting a universal
enhancement of gas-transfer in shallow coastal waters. Our study points
to the need for a more comprehensive approach to BC assessments,
considering not only organic carbon storage, but also air-water
CO\textsubscript{2} exchange, and its complex biogeochemical and
physical drivers.%
\end{abstract}%



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