Abbreviations: IQR: interquartile range.

^a p-value was determined using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank sum tests for continuous variables.

^b Category of “Other” race includes children with EMR race of more than 1 race category (10.0%), Asian (2.1%), American Indian and Alaska Native (1.3%), Pacific Islander (0.2%), Other (0.3%), and Refused or Unknown (3.1%).

^c Represents each child’s maximum number of complex chronic conditions over all encounters within the 3 year study period.

^d Home ventilator use was defined at the time of first Pulmonary clinic visit after initial hospital discharge as the requirement, when well, for mechanical ventilation for any portion of the day or night and lasting for any duration of time after initial discharge with tracheostomy until 3 years after placement. Initial hospital discharge typically occurs several months after tracheostomy placement at our institution.

^e p-value was determined using a generalized linear model.