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\begin{document}

\title{STEM LESSON PLAN-DWELL DOME}



\author[1]{SUBATHRA DEVI}%
\affil[1]{Affiliation not available}%


\vspace{-1em}



  
  \date{May 30, 2024}


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\textbf{LESSON TITLE: Dwell Dome}

\textbf{GRADE LEVEL: 6-8}

\textbf{LEARNING OBJECTIVES:}

After this lesson, students should be able to:

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  Describe their knowledge of Climate, weather and habitat adaptations
  (with emphasis on Climatic conditions of the Indian subcontinent)
\item
  Discuss the need for shelter and homelessness in India.
\item
  Demonstrate their knowledge of measurements, geometrical shapes and
  properties of the triangle, pentagon, hexagon, etc.
\item
  Define a geodesic dome, describe its origin and list out its uses and
  advantages and how domes are built in different places (material
  choices, dome design, construction methods).
\item
  Design and use materials and tools to create temporary shelters from
  ''local'' materials with specific features to provide a solution for
  homelessness or affordable housing.
\item
  Build a geodesic dome shelter to protect a homeless person or a stray
  animal from harsh weather.
\end{itemize}

\textbf{KEY CONCEPTS \& STEM CONNECT:}

\textbf{S:} Climate, weather, Habitat, R. Buckminster Fuller, Fullerene,
Geodesics

\textbf{T:} AR\textbf{,} VR, 3D designs using CAD software, 2D/3D home
design tool

\textbf{E:} Construction of a Geodesic dome, Civil \& Architectural
engineering

\textbf{M:} Measurements, Geometry, Shapes- Triangles, Polygons,
polyhedrons, Surface-area-to-volume ratio.

\textbf{Real-world problem:} Cost efficient housing options,
Homelessness in India.

\textbf{INTEGRATED 21ST-CENTURY SKILLS:}

Collaboration and teamwork, Responsible Citizenship, effective
communication, critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving.

\textbf{LESSON BACKGROUND} (and concepts for teachers)\textbf{:}

\textbf{Climate and weather:}

The climate is defined as the weather over a long period, and a climate
zone is a region with the same climate. The average weather pattern
taken over a long time, say 25 years, is called the climate of the
place.

The day-to-day condition of the atmosphere at a place concerning the
temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, etc., is called the weather
at that place.

\textbf{Homelessness in India:}

Several circumstances like financial constraints, a lack of security, or
the house not being available at a suitable time and location cause such
a situation. Even though a home is one of the most significant
components of a person's life, statistics show that 1.77 million Indians
are homeless.

\textbf{Shapes:}

\textbf{Triangle:} A triangle is a three-sided polygon, which has three
vertices. The three sides are connected end to end at a point, which
forms the angles of the triangle. The sum of all three angles of the
triangle is equal to 180 degrees.

\textbf{Equilateral triangle:} A triangle in which all three sides are
equal is an equilateral triangle.

\textbf{Hemisphere:}

A 3D geometric object/shape is made up of half of a sphere, with one
side being flat and the other being a bowl-like shape.

\textbf{2-D and 3-D shapes:} Plane figures are of two dimensions (2-D)
and the solid shapes are of three dimensions (3-D).

\textbf{Edges:} The two faces of a solid meet in a line. This line is
called edge.

\textbf{Vertices:} The point at which edges of a solid meet is called
vertices.

\textbf{Faces:} The flat part of a solid is called its face.

Polyhedrons: A three-dimensional shape with flat polygonal faces,
straight edges and sharp corners or vertices is called a polyhedron.

\textbf{Geodesic Dome:}

\textbf{What?}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/image1/image1}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

A~geodesic dome~is a structure made of struts that are connected to
approximate the shape of a sphere (or part of a sphere). Spaceship Earth
at EPCOT in Walt Disney World, Florida, is a famous example of a
geodesic dome that is a complete sphere shape.

Typically, the struts of a geodesic dome are joined together in
triangles, with the points of the triangles being approximately on the
sphere's surface. The edges of the triangles form great circle-like
shapes, or geodesics, over the surface of the dome. The struts form a
rigid network that transmits stress forces throughout the structure.

\textbf{When? and how?}

Richard Buckminster ''Bucky'' Fuller, an American inventor, architect,
author, engineer, designer, and futurist, patented the geodesic dome in
the 1940s and made it popular. The geodesic dome's design gives it some
very interesting properties. Since the structure approximates a sphere,
geodesic domes have very low surface-area-to-volume ratios (i.e., its
volume is relatively large compared to its surface area). Geodesic domes
enclose more volume (e.g., cubic centimetres
{[}cm\textsuperscript{3}{]}) per unit of mass (e.g., grams {[}g{]}) of
the dome than any other structure made from straight pieces. They are
also the only known structure built that increases in strength as the
size of the building is increased. As you can see with the geodesic
dome, R. Buckminster Fuller was interested in ideas that maximized
efficiency in design by ''doing more with less.''

\textbf{Why?}

Geodesic domes promote more efficient air circulation and keep
temperatures even throughout the structure. This can make them two to
four times more energy efficient than traditional homes. These homes
also insulate more efficiently due to their unique shape.

\textbf{LESSON MOTIVATION:}

The students are given photographs of different shapes of houses,
buildings and shelters from different periods and different places
across the world. And the teacher is to post the following questions to
the students,

\textbf{PRE-ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT / DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:}

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  What are climate and weather, and how are they different from each
  other?
\item
  Do we have the same climate across the country and the year?
\item
  What is the need for shelter?
\item
  What are the different shapes you observe in modern architecture?
  Describe the trend of buildings across human history.
\item
  What connection does the home have with climate?
\item
  What is a geodesic dome?
\item
  What are the basic shapes used in most geodesic domes?
\item
  Can you think of some examples of geodesic domes that you have seen or
  used before?
\end{itemize}

(Teacher can make the students pass a football among themselves and pick
a student to answer the question and later connect the concepts of the
structure of the football with fullerene and fuller's dome)

\textbf{ENGINEERING DESIGN CHALLENGE:}

Have the class think about why people need any shelter, what materials
are needed to build a temporary shelter and a house, and what the
various parts of a house include. Let students research Fuller's dome,
and visualise the structure of fullerene with the help of VR/Tinkercad
and various geodesic domes in the world.

Segregate students into groups and have each team choose an environment
where the students want their Dwell dome built. Have students figure out
what type of climate their house must be able to handle in that
environment. Instruct them to sketch the design for the geodesic dome
and build it accordingly.

Have each group present their concept to the rest of the class. Have the
class comment and make suggestions on each other's ideas.

\textbf{Build:}

Have the groups build their designs with the available materials.

\textbf{Test:}

Test the houses against the elements that would be appropriate for the
climate they built their houses to withstand.

Compare each of the groups' houses and discuss what materials are needed
in different climates.

\textbf{THE DOME CHALLENGE:}

\textbf{Criteria}

The dome must be able to house a person with an opening in the dome for
the person to enter. It should also protect the person from the weather
conditions specified.

\textbf{Constraints}

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  Use only the materials provided.
\item
  It should be environment-friendly, Cost-efficient and compact.
\item
  Additional points if it is collapsible and portable.
\end{itemize}

\textbf{Materials required:}

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  90 straws 19.6 cm (7\selectlanguage{ngerman}¾ inches) long
\item
  85 straws 19 (7½ inches) long
\item
  80 straws 16.5 (6½ inches) long
\item
  76 small brads (Metal paper fasteners)
\item
  (Can also be done using newspapers and tapes)
\item
  Waterproof tarp, Aluminium foil,
\end{itemize}

\textbf{Procedure:}

Students communicate effectively with a team and the teams complete the
engineering design process used by practising engineers including
constructing and testing their designs. Testing is performed to verify
that the proposed solution will solve the problem or challenge.\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/image2/Dome}

\end{center}
\end{figure}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/image3/image3}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{enumerate}
\tightlist
\item
  Cut all the straws/Newspaper strips to length.
\item
  Poke holes a quarter of an inch from each end of each straw with a
  sharp knife or an ice pick.
\item
  Make 6 five-sided stars (from the short straws), and 15 six-sided
  stars (from the longest straws) by sticking the brad through the ends
  of 5 (or 6) straws, and bending the ends of the brad over to secure
  them.
\item
  Assemble the dome by connecting one side of the centre pentagon to one
  side of a hexagon.
\item
  Put two hexagons on at a time, so there are always six straws meeting
  at each brad.
\item
  Add the edges on all sides, closing the brad whenever you have six
  straws connected.
\item
  Have the five hexagons connected to the central pentagon, and five
  more pentagons (without sides yet) connected between the hexagons.
\item
  The finished dome will be 68 centimetres tall (2 feet 2\selectlanguage{ngerman}¾ inches).
\end{enumerate}\selectlanguage{english}
\begin{figure}[H]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.70\columnwidth]{figures/image4/image4}

\end{center}
\end{figure}

9. Now let the students make an entrance and cover the exterior of the
dome with a waterproof tarp.

10. Students can also make triangle frames out of cardboard, plywood,
and PVC pipes and tape them together for a bigger dome. Fibreglass,
fabric, Thick aluminium foil or any insulator materials can be applied
to make a sturdy and weatherproof dome shelter.

\textbf{REFLECTION QUESTIONS-DISCUSSION:}

Ask the students:

\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
  How well will your shelter designs perform during the durability and
  waterproof tests in real life?
\item
  How might you improve your designs?
\item
  What might be some design flaws in your own homes? If so, how might
  you improve them?
\item
  Can you expand this idea to build a real house that can accommodate
  your whole family?
\item
  Geodesic domes are sometimes used as greenhouses. Why do you think
  they would be useful for this, or other, specific applications?
\end{itemize}

\textbf{POST-ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT:}

\textbf{Worksheets:} Have student groups complete and hand in the
activity worksheets.

\textbf{LESSON EXTENSION ACTIVITES:}

Research Buckminster Fuller's domes and write an essay on his ideas,
challenges faced and what would you do if you were asked to build upon
his idea.

\textbf{ASSIGNMENT:}

Ask the students to design and present a better permanent shelter with
the knowledge of the dome built, which will help the government provide
better housing options to the underprivileged. Design the interior of
your dwell dome with the help of a 2D/3D home design tool. Send the
selected idea to the housing board of your state government with a cover
letter from your students.

\textbf{RESOURCES AND REFERENCES:}

https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project-ideas/CE\_p008/civil-engineering/build-a-dome

https://borgenproject.org/tag/homelessness-in-india/

https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-6553-understanding-homelessness-a-socio-legal-analysis-and-the-path-out.html

https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/fullerene
8ccf06b1a2c445a4a11831a281e3006b

https://www.bfi.org/about-fuller/geodesic-domes/

https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gesc107.pdf

https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/gemh115.pdf

https://planner5d.com/ai

https://sci-toys.com/scitoys/scitoys/mathematics/dome/dome.html

https://tryengineering.org/teacher/design-dome/\#materials-process

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig/educator/act\_geodesic\_ho.html

\selectlanguage{english}
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