Adjuvant surgery and radiotherapy
A total of eight patients with liver or brain metastases underwent adjuvant surgery to extirpate drug-resistant lesions. The surgical procedure included pulmonary lobectomy (n=5), resection of drug-resistant lesions in the liver (n=1), uterus (n=1), and ophthalmologic surgery (n=1), respectively. Local interventional surgery was performed in three patients to manage bleeding. Of the 11 GTN patients with liver or brain metastases, 8 (8/11, 72.7%) received 11 adjuvant surgical treatments.
No patients received whole-brain radiation therapy but three patients had stereotactic radiotherapy for residual brain metastases at the end of treatment (Table 2).