Conclusion
Morphological changes in the mesozooplankton community were correlated to the ecosystem carbon export intensity, but, contrary to our hypothesis, opacity was the parameter most strongly correlated export, likely due to taxonomical changes in the community composition in response to environmental forcing. Transparency variations throughout time and with respect to carbon export should be investigated further. Additionally, this study demonstrates the benefits of combining a trait-based strategy from quantitative imaging of individual organisms with a molecular approach. Finally, significant correlations were found for some taxonomic groups between proportions of sequences from metabarcoding data and biomass or abundance, derived from Zooscan images showing potential for this method to be refined in a way that allows for abundance estimation. Numerous efforts should be done in this direction to study the potential of a quantitative molecular approach and develop possible support methods.
Acknowledgments
French co-authors wish to thank public taxpayers who fund their salaries. SDA and MP acknowledge funding from the Institut des Sciences du Calcul et des Données (ISCD) of Sorbonne Université through the support of the sponsored project-team FORMAL (From ObseRving to Modeling oceAn Life), the mobility of MP to BIOS, and the PhD funding of MP. SDA, LBB and MP also acknowledge the support of the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), under grant ANR-22-CE02-0023-01 (project TRAITZOO). BIOS/ASU authors acknowledge the funding by the Simons Foundation International as part of the BIOS-SCOPE (https://scope.bios.edu/), the NSF funded OCE-1829318, and the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study program (BATS; NSF OCE-1756105). Special thanks to the BATS personnel and to the Captains and crew of the RV Atlantic Explorer for their logistical support at sea. This research made use of the FCMMF laboratory equipment at BIOS (NSF DBI-1522206).