Cell culture
FaDu cancer cells were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) and maintained by Eagle’s Minimum Essential Medium (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 15% foetal bovine serum in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37°C. hBMSCs were administered with complete mesenchymal stem cell culture medium (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% double antibody (penicillin mixture) and cultured in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37°C.