In this viewpoint, a total of 48 studies were used to explore how physical hazards, biological hazards, chemical hazards, socioeconomic factors and occupational health promotion and protection at different workplaces and how they affect the health of the workers. Table 2 shows the summary of occupational hazards, sources, health risks and preventive measures. Of the 48 articles, 10 studies of occupational determinant of health are summarized in table 3.