Author Date Sample size Study Design Findings
Alexopoulos, E. C., Stathi, I. C., & Charizani, F. 2004 430 dentists A questionnaire survey was carried out among dentists on the respondent’s job history, individual characteristics, physical and psychosocial risk factors at work, general health status, and the occurrence of musculoskeletal complaints. 62%, 30%, 16%, and 32% of the dentists reported at least one musculoskeletal complaint, chronic complaints, had spells of absence and, sought medical care respectively.
Baer, R., Turnberg, W., Yu, D., & Wohrle, R. 2010 1 A veterinarian specializing in small animals in Washington State handled a seemingly healthy pet rat approximately 10 days before falling ill. During the examination, the rat, which appeared free of fleas, urinated on the veterinarian’s hands, who was not wearing gloves. Despite washing his hands after the examination, the veterinarian had abrasions from gardening. The small animal veterinarian developed leptospirosis after occupational exposure. The risk of the infection could have been minimized if he had practiced the recommended infection control procedures
Baker, M. G., Peckham, T. K., & Seixas, N. S. 2020 144.7 million people employed in the United States The number of United States workers frequently exposed to infection and disease was estimated in the workplace. National employment data by Standard Occupational Classification maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) was merged with a BLS O*NET survey measure As of 2018, approximately 10% (14,425,070) and 18.4% (26,669,810) of workers in the United States are exposed to disease or infection at least once per week and once per month respectively
Gibb, H. J., Lees, P. S., Pinsky, P. F., & Rooney, B. C. 2000 2,357 workers first employed between 1950 and 1974 The risk of lung cancer was assed among workers at a chromate production plant.  Cumulative trivalent chromium exposure for each individual in the study cohort was estimated. Cumulative hexavalent chromium exposure showed a strong dose–response relationship for lung cancer.
Girard, S. A., Picard, M., Davis, A. C., Simard, M., Larocque, R., Leroux, T., & Turcotte, F. 2009 52,982 male workers between the ages of 16 and 64 years A retrospective study was conducted on male workers with long-standing exposures to occupational noise over a 5-year period, using “hearing status” and “noise exposure” from the registry held by the Quebec National Institute of Public Health. Information on work-related accidents was obtained from the Quebec Workers’ Compensation Board. Hearing threshold level measurements and noise exposures were regressed on the numbers of accidents after adjusting for age. Exposure to extremely noisy environments (Leq8h (equivalent noise level for 8 h exposure) ⩾90 dBA) is associated with a higher relative risk of hearing impairment.
Hu, R., Huang, X., Huang, J., Li, Y., Zhang, C., Yin, Y., … & Cui, F. 2015 246 farmers Medical doctors conducted two sets of health investigations on the farmers, involving blood tests and neurological examinations, both before and after the crop season. Face-to-face interview was also used to collect data on pesticide use. Long-term exposure to pesticides was linked to heightened abnormalities in nerve conductions, particularly in sensory nerves. Short-term health effects included alterations in complete blood count, hepatic and renal functions, and nerve conduction velocities and amplitudes.
Meyer, A., Sandler, D. P., Beane Freeman, L. E., Hofmann, J. N., & Parks, C. G. 2017 52,394 private pesticide applicators Participants provided questionnaire data on the duration, frequency and use of different pesticides. Association of rheumatoid arthritis was evaluated with the use of 46 pesticides. Incident rheumatoid arthritis was associated with ever use of fonofos, carbaryl and chlorimuron ethyl.
Oakman, J., Ketels, M., & Clays, E. 2021 331 participants within the service and manufacturing sector in the Flemish Employees’ Physical Activity Data from participants within the service and manufacturing sector in the Flemish Employees’ Physical Activity (FEPA) study were collected using objective measures of occupational physical activity and subjective measures of physical and psychosocial work environment. A modified Nordic questionnaire was used to collect data on low back pain (LBP) and neck and shoulder pain (NSP). Objective measures showed no correlation with LBP or NSP, whereas self-reported measures revealed potential workplace hazards. LBP, NSP and the composite measure of LBP/NSP simultaneously was reported by 25%, 30% and 17% of the participants respectively.
Parks, C. G., Walitt, B. T., Pettinger, M., Chen, J. C., De Roos, A. J., Hunt, J., … & Howard, B. V. 2011 76,861 postmenopausal women, ages 50–79 years Incident cases were identified based on self-report and use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs at year 3 of follow up. Self-reported residential or workplace insecticide use (personally mixing/applying by self and application by others) in relation to  rheumatoid arthritis/ systemic lupus erythematosus (RA/SLE) risk, overall and in relation to farm history was examined. Personal use of insecticides, long-term insecticide application by others and frequent application by others among women with a farm history were associated with increased RA/SLE risk,
Pettersson, H., Olsson, D., & Järvholm, B. 2020 194,501 workers in the Swedish construction industry Participants participated in health examinations between 1971 and 1993. The workers answered a questionnaire regarding their working conditions and their health status including height, weight, tobacco use, and blood pressure. Noise exposure data was derived from a survey of working conditions conducted by industrial hygienists in the mid-1970s. Workers were divided into three primary regions in Sweden based on varying temperatures. Moderate and high noise exposure was associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke mortality. Living and working in the coldest region was associated with increased risk for myocardial infarction but not stroke mortality.