Conclusion

The histogenesis and immunohistochemical profile of HCO have yet to be determined. AFP staining has been shown routinely positive but still with several exceptions. SALL4 may be regarded as a good indicator of HCO despite its low positive rate(22). Both AFP and CA125, rather than HE4, can be employed as prognostic biomarkers and may be used to track therapy response and screen for recurrence. Treatment approaches are not unified, but a cytoreductive surgery followed by a platinum and taxane-based chemotherapy has shown similar results to other ovarian carcinomas. The second-line therapy after platinum resistance requires further exploration.