Wood species density and canopy cover
The density of woody species varied significantly (ANOVA: F = 146.51, df = 2, p < 0.001) depending on the grazing management practices in the study sites. The browsing sites had a higher woody density compared to the grazing and enclosure sites (refer to Table 1). In addition, the canopy cover of woody species also differed significantly (ANOVA: F = 31.45, df = 2, p < 0.001) depending on the grazing management practices, with lower values observed in the enclosure sites.

Vegetations biomass

Significantly high (ANOVA: F = 9.98, df = 2, p < 0.001) herbage biomass was found in the enclosure sites than in the other two grazing management systems (Table 1). However, the woody biomass was significantly high (ANOVA: F = 13.61, df = 2, p < 0.001) in the browsing land sites than in the grazing and enclosure sites (Table 1).