4.3 STS (Sodium Ihiosulfate-Supplemented)
Sodium thiosulfate is also a water-soluble hydrogen sulfide donor with
minimal side effects, and its chemical formula is
Na2S203. STS is an
antidote that has been approved by the FDA and is currently mainly used
in clinical practice to treat calcification reactions and toxic
reactions (such as cisplatin poisoning, CO poisoning, cyanide poisoning,
etc. )[59-61]. As mentioned earlier in the
metabolism of hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen sulfide can be oxidized to
thiosulfate, and in turn, STS can also become a source of hydrogen
sulfide. When the body is in a state of hypoxia, hydrogen sulfide can be
regenerated in thiosulfate through 3-MST and
rhodase[62]. In addition to releasing hydrogen
sulfide, STS is also an effective antioxidant that has been proven to
have strong protective effects in different organ injuries, such as
acute liver injury[63], acute lung
injury[64], brain injury caused by
I/R[65], myocardial
injury[66],, kidney
injury[67], etc.
Studies have shown that STS may have anti-inflammatory effects and
protect vascular endothelial cells. Hydrogen sulfide seems to be able to
inhibit NF-κB signaling pathway exerts anti-inflammatory
effects[68]. Because of these cytoprotection on
I/R injury, STS therapy has great potential in organ transplantation.
The organ preservation solution added with STS is expected to become a
simple, cheap and safe new treatment strategy, which can reduce the
transplant sequelae and improve the success
rate[69].