4.2 Lawesson reagent and their derivatives
Lawesson reagent (LR) is a common and readily available sulfur ion agent
that can serve as a hydrogen sulfide releaser (H2S
releaser). The molecule of Lawson reagent contains a quaternary ring
with alternating sulfur and phosphorus atoms. Under high temperature
conditions, the sulfur/phosphorus quaternary ring opens to form two
unstable dithiophosphines (R-PS2), which decompose and release
H2S[51, 52]. Compared to sulfide
salts, LR releases hydrogen sulfide more
slowly[52]. However, the detailed release
molecular dynamics of LR are still unclear and lack water solubility, so
it has not been widely used as a hydrogen sulfide donor. morpholin-4-ium
4 methoxyphenyl (morpholino) phosphinodithioate (GYY4137) is a new
water-soluble hydrogen sulfide donor synthesized based on LR reagent,
which can slowly release hydrogen sulfide. Some studies have found that
GYY417 has the function of dilating blood vessels to resist
hypertension[53]. Not only that, it can also exert
myocardial protection and prevent myocardial ischemia and reperfusion
injury by inhibiting inflammation, reducing cell apoptosis, and reducing
ROS production[54, 55]. In addition to its
myocardial protective effect, some scholars have found that in
ischemia-reperfusion injury, GYY4137 increases antioxidant activity by
activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, which can effectively alleviate
renal injury[56]. This protective effect has also
been reported in testicular torsion and intestinal
injury[57, 58].