Gene annotation
After identifying the significantly associated SNPs in GEA and GPA, we aligned the gene sequences for these regions against the nonredundant protein sequences database using UniProt to identify the gene and protein with the implemented Blastx (2.9.0+, E < 1e−10). The Gene Ontology Annotation Database (“UniProt” 2015; Bateman et al. 2017) was used to identify the potential functions of the genes further. If a SNP is in the intragenic region, we performed a search by querying the flanking sequence 400 bp from the beginning position of the gene. This had to be done separately because the “start” and “end” positions for the genes containing the introns were too far apart; Blastx could obtain no hits.