Acknowledgements

This study was funded through the German Research Foundation (DFG) as part of the Research Training Group “Urban Water Interfaces” (UWI; GRK2032/2) and the Einstein Foundation as part of the “Modelling surface and groundwater with isotopes in urban catchments” (MOSAIC) project. Funding for DT was also received through the Einstein Research Unit “Climate and Water under Change” from the Einstein Foundation Berlin and Berlin University Alliance (grant no. ERU-2020-609) and the project BiNatur (BMBF No. 16LW0156). We also acknowledge the BMBF (funding code 033W034A), which supported the stable isotope laboratory and in-situ laser analyser. Contributions from CS have also been supported by the Leverhulme Trust through the ISO-LAND project (grant no. RPG 2018 375). We thank all colleagues involved in the ecohydrological monitoring and daily precipitation and groundwater sampling, but in particular are grateful to Jan Christopher, Jonas Freymüller and Jessica Landgraf.