Characteristics
No emergency delivery due to pathological CTG during labour (n= 366) Emergency delivery due to pathological CTG during labour (n=34) p value p value
Maternal age (years) 32.44 (±4.89) 32.50 (±4.38) 0.910 0.910
Maternal weight (Kg) 56.40 (51.20-62.20) 53.70 (50.85-60.50) 0.518 0.518
Log10 maternal weight 1.76 (±0.07) 1.75 (±0.07) 0.689 0.689
Maternal height (cm) 159.00 (156.00-163.00) 158.00 (154.50-162.00) 0.181 0.181
Log10 maternal height 2.20 (±0.02) 2.19 (±0.01) 0.158 0.158
Maternal BMI (Kg/m2) 22.29 (20.29-24.72) 21.75 (20.54-24.06) 0.745 0.745
Log10 BMI 1.35 (±0.06) 1.35 (±0.07) 0.781 0.781
Gestational age (weeks) 39.48 (±1.17) 39.79 (±2.11) 0.165 0.165
Smoking 7 (1.92; 0.51-3.34) 2 (5.88; -2.45-14.22) 0.138 0.138
Chinese Asian 357 (97.54; 95.95-99.14) 33 (97.06; 91.08-103.04) 0.863 0.863
Nulliparous 227 (62.02; 57.03-67.02) 26 (76.47; 61.45-91.49) 0.095 0.095
Induction of labour 271 (74.04; 69.53-78.56) 26 (76.47; 61.45-91.49) 0.757 0.757
Indications for labour induction Indications for labour induction Indications for labour induction Indications for labour induction
Postdate Diabetes (preexisting or GDM) Hypertension Decrease FM/ Suboptimal CTG Large or small for gestational age SROM 68 (18.60; 14.58-22.58) 23 (6.28;3.79-8.78) 10 (2.73; 1.05-4.41) 30 (8.20; 5.37-11.02) 37 (10.11; 7.01-13.21) 86 (23.50; 19.13-27.86) 9 (26.47; 10.85-42.10) 1 (2.94; -3.24-8.92) 2 (5.88; -2.45-14.22) 6 (17.64; 4.15-31.15) 2 (5.88; -2.45-14.22) 9 (26.47; 10.85-42.10) 0.264 0.432 0.303 0.065 0.427 0.697 0.264 0.432 0.303 0.065 0.427 0.697
Estimated foetal weight (g) 3177 (2923-3379) 3254 (3163-3426) 0.110 0.110
Estimated foetal weight (z-score) 0.12 (±1.33) 0.35 (±1.92) 0.195 0.195
Umbilical artery PI 0.80 (0.68-0.91) 0.72 (0.68-0.84) 0.144 0.144
Umbilical artery PI z-score 0.14 (±0.86) -0.00 (±0.86) 0.308 0.308
Middle cerebral artery PI 1.40 (1.22-1.64) 1.23 (1.07-1.40) 0.002* 0.002*
Middle cerebral artery PI z-score 0.12 (±1.06) 0.55 (±1.07) 0.049* 0.049*
Cerebroplacental ratio 1.78 (1.51-2.13) 1.64 (1.33-0.90) 0.102 0.102
Cerebroplacental ratio z-score -0.21 (±0.97) -0.41 (±1.00) 0.465 0.465
Mean uterine artery PI 0.74 (0.63-0.90) 0.68 (0.58-0.78) 0.060 0.060
Mean uterine artery PI z-score 0.75 (±1.46) 0.27 (±1.34) 0.092 0.092
Short term variability 8.10 (6.50-9.70) 7.75 (6.90-9.30) 0.899 0.899
Log10 short term variability (ms) 0.90 (±0.13) 0.89 (±0.13) 0.815 0.815
Dawes-Redman criteria not met 31 (8.49; 5.62-11.37) 4 (11.76; 0.35-23.18) 0.519 0.519
Birth weight (g) 3200 (2990-3440) 3135 (2920-3415) 0.576 0.576
Birth weight z-score -0.00 (±0.74) -0.16 (±0.70) 0.218 0.218
Apgar score at one minute 8.77 (±0.67) 7.82 (±1.64) <0.001* <0.001*
Apgar score at five minutes 9.81 (±0.44) 9.35 (±1.30) <0.001* <0.001*
Umbilical cord arterial parameters
Umbilical cord arterial pH 7.25 (7.20-7.30) 7.21 (7.15-7.29) 0.017 0.017
Umbilical cord arterial pH < 7.1 6 (1.68; 0.34-3.01) 4 (12.5; 0.39-24.61) <0.001* <0.001*
Arterial base excess -12 mmol/L 14 (3.91; 1.89-5.93) 6 (18.75; 4.45-33.05) <0.001* <0.001*
NICU admission 1 (0.27; -0.26-0.81) 5 (14.71; 2.16-27.25) <0.001* <0.001*
SCBU admission 133 (36.34; 31.34-41.29) 15 (44.12; 26.53-61.70) 0.369 0.369
Statistically significant at p<0.05; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit, SCBU; special care baby unit; Kg, kilogram; cm, centimeter; BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; FM, foetal movement; CTG, cardiotocography; SROM, spontaneous rupture of membranes; g, gram; PI, pulsatility index; ms, millisecond; mmol/L, millimoles per liter. Numerical variables presented in median (interquartile range) or mean (standard deviation). Categorical variables presented in n (%: 95% confidence interval) * Statistically significant at p<0.05; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit, SCBU; special care baby unit; Kg, kilogram; cm, centimeter; BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; FM, foetal movement; CTG, cardiotocography; SROM, spontaneous rupture of membranes; g, gram; PI, pulsatility index; ms, millisecond; mmol/L, millimoles per liter. Numerical variables presented in median (interquartile range) or mean (standard deviation). Categorical variables presented in n (%: 95% confidence interval) * Statistically significant at p<0.05; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit, SCBU; special care baby unit; Kg, kilogram; cm, centimeter; BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; FM, foetal movement; CTG, cardiotocography; SROM, spontaneous rupture of membranes; g, gram; PI, pulsatility index; ms, millisecond; mmol/L, millimoles per liter. Numerical variables presented in median (interquartile range) or mean (standard deviation). Categorical variables presented in n (%: 95% confidence interval) * Statistically significant at p<0.05; NICU, neonatal intensive care unit, SCBU; special care baby unit; Kg, kilogram; cm, centimeter; BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; FM, foetal movement; CTG, cardiotocography; SROM, spontaneous rupture of membranes; g, gram; PI, pulsatility index; ms, millisecond; mmol/L, millimoles per liter. Numerical variables presented in median (interquartile range) or mean (standard deviation). Categorical variables presented in n (%: 95% confidence interval)