CONCLUSION
In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the threatened and
geographically restricted freshwater sand goby, Orsinigobius
croaticus , produces pulsatile sounds during intersexual laboratory
experiments. These sounds were produced during courtship, pre-spawning
and spawning phases of the reproduction interactions with females. In
addition, our results suggest that levator pectoralis muscles
could be responsible for pulse emission. Finally, at the interspecific
level, acoustic signals produced by soniferous sand gobies appear to be
sufficiently different and species-specific to enable the discrimination
of species.