The values were presented as the
mean ± standard deviation in triplicate. R: roasting; S: steaming.
The different superscript letter of values in same column suggested
significantly different (P < 0.05) according to Tukey’s
test.
Tonset: Onset temperature; Tpeak: peak
temperature; Tend: conclusion temperature; ΔT:
Tend − Tonset; ΔH: enthalpy; R:
roasting; S: steaming.
Table 4
Functional properties of untreated and heated walnut kernel flours (n =
3).