CONCLUSION
The ABO blood type was an independent predictor of COVID-19 infection and severity but not the disease outcomes. Blood type A increased the risk of developing COVID-19 infection as well as the risk of asymptomatic-to-mild and severe-to-critical forms of COVID-19. In contrast, the risk of COVID-19 infection and moderate COVID-19 was lower among blood type O.
The results of this study offer theoretical and clinical implications. Theoretically, this study contributes to the growing knowledge on COVID-19 and disease outcomes among Filipinos. Noting that race and ethnicity can affect disease predisposition, disease outcomes, and blood type, understanding these risks is imperative for clinical practice and policy development. On an applied level, understanding the risk of COVID-19 infection and severity across ABO blood type can assist medical professionals in identifying the population-at-risk and develop programs and interventions for risk minimization. Understanding that blood type A increases the risk for COVID-19 infection and its severe forms can implore healthcare professionals to become more vigilant in their medical management of this population. Although this knowledge does not replace the precautionary measures and therapeutic approaches against COVID-19 infection, this information can educate the general Filipino population of their potential risk thus, may promote adherence to precautionary measures and protective health-seeking behaviors against COVID-19.