3.3 Associations of supportive therapy with long-term survival
Figure 3 demonstrates the association between each supportive therapy and survival times in the PAH patients reported in the JADER database. The PAH patients with oxygen therapy had significantly longer survival than non-user patients (p = 0.004). The median survival times (95% CI) of the PAH patients with oxygen therapy and the non-users were 10.04 years (6.19–NA) and 6.01 years (4.75–6.32), respectively. The PAH patients with concomitant use of epoprostenol and warfarin had slightly shorter survival compared with the PAH patients treated with only epoprostenol. In the epoprostenol users, the median survival times (95% CI) of the PAH patients treated with warfarin and non-warfarin users were 8.41 years (NA–NA) and 10.04 years (6.21–NA), respectively. In the non-epoprostenol users, the median survival times (95% CI) of the PAH patients treated with warfarin and non-warfarin users were 6.30 years (4.09–NA) and 5.00 years (3.95–6.30), respectively. A significant difference was not observed between the PAH patients treated with DOAC and non-DOAC users (p = 0.089). The median survival times (95% CI) of the DOAC users and the non-users were 4.75 years (2.23–NA) and 6.26 years (5.55–8.41), respectively. The PAH patients treated with tolvaptan showed significantly shorter survival than non-user patients (p < 0.001). The median survival times (95% CI) of the PAH patients treated with tolvaptan and the non-user patients were 4.75 years (3.61–6.83) and 6.26 years (5.55–10.04), respectively.