Figure 1. Study design to investigate soil food web structure in the French Alps (a) Study sites across the French Alps were selected using a stratified sampling design across elevations and nested design with subplots within gradients. The collected 418 soil samples were distributed across nested spatial distances ranging from 8 m to 250 km. (b) eDNA and bioinformatic analysis were used to assign detected organisms to taxonomic and functional information. (c) The metaweb framework was used to quantify spatial changes in the structure of soil food webs across the study area and examine their associations with environmental and spatial factors.