DATA EXTRACTION AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT
Data were independently extracted from the included studies by two
authors (J.S., S.A-M.) using a standardised database. Data extracted
included: study design, patient demographics, reason for admission,
indications for levetiracetam and CRRT, residual renal function, dosing
regimen, CRRT characteristics and settings, and pharmacokinetic data.
Any discrepancies on data extraction were arbitrated by a third
investigator.
Our quality assessment was performed using a hybrid model that combined
the Quality of Evidence (QoE) and Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative
(ADQI) scoring systems [26-28] . Each study was assessed
independently by two authors (J.S., S.A-M.) who allocated separate QoE
and ADQI scores as per the protocol detailed in Appendix 2 . To
eliminate discrepancies in ADQI scores between authors, a mean ADQI
score was calculated for each study. Overall quality assessment scores
were stratified into low, medium and high-quality equivalents based on
the average quality of evidence across the QoE and ADQI assessments. For
example, a study was ranked medium quality if it achieved a strong QoE
score but a weak ADQI score. Any disputes were arbitrated by a third
investigator.